Children and Caregivers' Preferences and Perceptions of Paediatric Dentists’ Attire In Northern Nigeria

Preferences and Perceptions of Paediatric Dentists’ Attire

Abstract

Background: The appearance of the dentist can influence children's anxiety, cooperation, and overall dental experience during oral health care. However, data from Northern Nigeria on this topic remain limited.

Objective: To evaluate the preferences of children and their caregivers regarding paediatric dentists' attire in Northern Nigeria.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria between July and September 2025. The study enrolled 180 child-caregiver dyads using consecutive sampling. Children aged 5-16 years presenting for dental care and their accompanying caregivers participated. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and standardized photographs of male and female dentists in five different attire types: traditional white coat, surgical scrubs, formal attire, casual professional attire, and paediatric-themed scrubs. Participants indicated their preferred dentist attire, preferred dentist gender, and reasons for preference. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests; statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: Both children (57.9%) and caregivers (50.6%) predominantly preferred the traditional white coat, citing professionalism, hygiene, and trust as key reasons. Children showed strong preferences for gender-concordant dentists. Most girls significantly preferred female dentists (75.0%), while most boys preferred male dentists (58.0%) (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between children’s and caregivers’ attire preferences (p = 0.066).

Conclusion: The traditional white coat was the most preferred attire among paediatric dental patients and their caregivers in Kano, Northern Nigeria, seen as a symbol of professionalism and expertise. Gender-matching significantly influenced children's preferences for dentists, reflecting northern Nigeria’s cultural and religious values.